Evaluation Of A Cambridge Public Schools ( Cps ) Request...

Background of the Study This report is a response to a Cambridge Public Schools (CPS) request for proposals issued in January 2014. Upon completion of the competitive bid process, Consensus Now! was selected to conduct the program review. We are an independent LLC focused on delivering external reviews, practice recommendations and training focused on instructional coaching and other levers for raising student achievement. Purposes of the Study The district is seeking a review in order to determine whether the coaching model, as designed and implemented is leading to desired improvements in teaching and learning. Therefore, the purpose of the Instructional Coaching Review is to collect baseline data in order to provide: †¢ Exhibited strengths of the school coaching program over the past ten years †¢ Findings and recommendations for strengthening future instructional coach delivery through examination of school levers: structures, practices, consistency, and/or use of time †¢ Findings and recommendations for growing the level of coach capacity and level of agency to more effectively execute coach roles and facilitate PLC’s at the school level. †¢ Findings and recommendations for improving instructional impact of coaching models at the school level, particularly for those in need of intervention. †¢ Parallel recommendations for effective district level support of coaching through staffing, reporting, job descriptions, staff development and benchmarks. 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Food and Pharmaceutical Instrumentation I Laboratory Report Free Essays

Food and Pharmaceutical Instrumentation I Laboratory Report. | Experiment Title:| Infra Red Spectrometry of Liquid Sample| Experiment Date:| 22/11/12| Submission Date:| 6/12/12| | Group Members| | | 2. | | 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Food and Pharmaceutical Instrumentation I Laboratory Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now | | 4. | | Aims and Objectives. | 1. To interpret the IR Spectrum. 2. To obtain the spectrum of a liquid sample and identified compound using library data base . | Introduction. | Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one of the most common spectroscopic techniques used by organic and inorganic chemists. Simply, it is the absorption measurement of different IR frequencies by a sample positioned in the path of an IR beam. The main goal of IR spectroscopic analysis is to determine the chemical functional groups in the sample. Different functional groups absorb characteristic frequencies of IR radiation. Using various sampling accessories, IR spectrometers can accept a wide range of sample types such as gases, liquids, and solids. Thus, IR spectroscopy is an important and popular tool for: * Identification of unknown materials. * Determination of the quality or consistency of a sample. Determination of the amount of components in a mixture. * Identification of all types of organic and many types of inorganic compounds. * Determination of functional groups in organic materials. * Determination of the molecular composition of surfaces. * Identification of chromatographic effluents. * Quantitative determination of compounds in mixtures. * Non-destructive method. * Determination of molecula r conformation (structural isomers) and stereochemistry (geometrical isomers). * Determination of molecular orientation (polymers and solutions). By nterpreting the infrared absorption spectrum, the chemical bonds in a molecule can be determined. FTIR spectra of pure compounds are generally so unique that they are like a molecular â€Å"fingerprint†. While organic compounds have very rich, detailed spectra, inorganic compounds are usually much simpler. For most common materials, the spectrum of an unknown can be identified by comparison to a library of known compounds. Finger print regionFor every compound a very complicated series of absorptions occur between wave numbers 500 to 1500 due to a variety of bending and stretching within the molecule. This region is called the finger print region. Each compound has a unique set of troughs within the fingerprint region that can be used to identify the molecule. It is hard to identify individual troughs due to specific bonds in the fingerprint region. Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)In Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy all that is required for analysis is that the sample of interest be brought into contact with the ATR crystal. The infrared beam is passed into the ATR element such that its angle of incidence exceeds the â€Å"critical† angle. Under this condition total internal reflection of the beam occurs and a standing evanescent wave is established at the ATR crystal/sample interface. The amplitude of this wave decays rapidly with increasing distance from the reflecting interface thus sample concentration and thickness are not a concern for these measurements. Minimal to no sample preparation is required for this technique and a wide variety of solids and some liquids (dependent upon crystal material) can be analyzed using ATR[Ref 3]Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) ComponentsZinc Selenide (ZnSe) is the most popular material for infrared application and it is chemically inert. Due to very wide transmission range covering 0. 6 to 20  m  m CVD grown ZnSe high optical quality material is used to manufacture optical components (windows, mirrors, lenses etc. ) for high power IR lasers. [Ref 4]| Materials and Methods. | Material: FTIR instrument, Liquid sample. Method:1. The background of the environment (water vapour, covalent bond) was measured before placing sample. 2. Sample placed onto the cell and pressed sample collection on the instrument. 3. Sample cell cleaned using ethanol and cotton wool(water cannot be used )4. Results collected and interpreted. | Results. | Compound no:| Identified as:| Aromatic or Aliphatic | 1| Ester| Aliphatic| 2| Alcohol/Phenol| Aliphatic| 3| Hydrocarbon| Aromatic| 4| Keton| Aromatic| | Discussion. | 1. Compound identified as Ester : C-H absorption around 3000cm-1 C=O or Carbonyl peak, Strong absorption in 1820-1660 cm-1 C=O Strong intensity absorption near 1300-100 cm-1 Not Aromatic 2. Compound indentified as Alcohol/Phenol:C-H absorption around 3000cm-1NO C=O Strong absorption in 1820-1660 cm-1O-H Broad absorption near 3300-3600 cm-1Aromatic C-H occurs to the left of C-H region (3000cm-1) and aliphatic to the right. 3. Compound indentified as Hydrocarbon :C-H absorption around 3000cm-1NO C=O or Carbonyl peak, Strong absorption in 1820-1660 cm-1MAJOR absorption near 3000cm-1 C-H region and only one other absorption at 1450-1375cm-1 4. Compound indentified as Keton:C-H absorption around 3000cm-1 C=O or Carbonyl peak, Strong absorption in 1820-1660 cm-1No OH broad absorption near 3400-2400 cm-1 (Acid)No C-O single bond absorption near 1300-1000 cm-1(Ester)No C-H absorption near 2850-2750 cm-1 on the right hand side of the C-H absorptionFinally compounds were assigned to aromatic or aliphatic groups follows: Medium to strong absorptions in the region 1650/1450cm-1 the presence of an aromatic ring. Please see table in Results section. Consult the C-H region (3000cm-1)aromatic C-H occurs to the left of the 3000cm cm-1and aliphatic to the right. [Ref 1]| Conclusions. | The interpretation of infrared spectra involves the correlation of absorption bands in the spectrum of an unknown compound with the known absorption frequencies for types of bonds. This table will help users become more familiar with the process. Significant for the identification of the source of an absorption band are  intensity  (weak,  medium or  strong),  shape  (broad or  sharp), and  position  (cm-1) in the spectrum. CHARACTERISTIC INFRARED ABSORPTION FREQUENCIES| Bond| Compound Type| Frequency range, cm-1| C-H| Alkanes| 2960-2850(s) stretch| | | 1470-1350(v) scissoring and bending| | CH3  Umbrella Deformation| 1380(m-w) – Doublet – isopropyl,  t-butyl| C-H| Alkenes| 3080-3020(m) stretch| | | 1000-675(s) bend| C-H| Aromatic Rings| 3100-3000(m) stretch| | Phenyl Ring Substitution Bands| 870-675(s) bend| | Phenyl Ring Substitution Overtones| 2000-1600(w) – fingerprint region| C-H| Alkynes| 3333-3267(s) stretch| | | 700-610(b) bend| C=C| Alkenes| 1680-1640(m,w)) stretch| C? C| Alkynes| 2260-2100(w,sh) stretch| C=C| Aromatic Rings| 1600, 1500(w) stretch| C-O| Alcohols,  Ethers,  Carboxylic acids,  Esters| 1260-1000(s) stretch| C=O| Aldehydes,  Ketones,  Carboxylic acids,  Esters| 1760-1670(s) stretch| O-H| Monomeric — Alcohols, Phenols| 3640-3160(s,br) stretch| | Hydrogen-bonded —  Alcohols,  Phenols| 3600-3200(b) stretch| | Carboxylic acids| 3000-2500(b) stretch| N-H| Amines| 3500-3300(m) stretch| | | 1650-1580 (m) bend| C-N| Amines| 1340-1020(m) stretch| C? N| Nitriles| 2260-2220(v) stretch| NO2| Nitro Compounds| 1660-1500(s) asymmetrical stretch| | | 1390-1260(s) symmetrical stretch| – variable, m – medium, s – strong, br – broad, w – weak[Ref 2]| Recommendations. | 1. Do not use cells as follows :glass, quartz, plastic | References. | 1. Manual of instrumentation laboratory practice part 2,Author:Jesus Frias Celayeta,Ph. D. ,2012. Source :Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology . School of Science Dr. Kathleen Lough and Dr. Ga y Keaveney2. http://wwwchem. csustan. edu/Tutorials/INFRARED. HTM accessed 02/12/12. 3. http://www. sciner. com/Opticsland/ZnSe. htm accessed 03/12/12. 4. http://www. mri. psu. edu/facilities/MCL/techniques/FTIR/FTIRdesc. asp| How to cite Food and Pharmaceutical Instrumentation I Laboratory Report, Essay examples

Quebec Essay Example For Students

Quebec Essay Canada is one of the most unique and diversified countries in the world. It consists of ten provinces and two territories. All parts of Canada are interesting and contain important details to them, however, Quebecs political situation is the most controvercial of all. In all other parts of Canada, the main spoken language is english and it creates no problem amongst its settlers in each province. In Quebec, the situation differs. There is twenty four percent of a french population in all of canada, and this population resides mainly in Quebec. this creates a issue between the French and the English settlers because the English want the spoken language to stay english, but the majority french population want it to be french. Due to the minority of french speakers in all of canada, french is at a minority. In Quebec, their is a french majority of settlers and because of that, the french are taking their dominating situation and trying to create a french country on its own seperated from the rest of Canada. The follwing essay will include the history of the politocal situation in Quebec. The situation of Quebec can be best explained as the evolution of two nations. This conflict goes back two hundred years ago to the English conquest. Both Britain and France established colonies in Northern America in the seventeenth century. In seventeen hundred and fifty nine, British forces had a victory led by general Wolfe and this ended French colonialism in Northern America, yet problems persisted because the French still resided in these areas. New France stayed part of the British Empire and they lived within their own laws and language and were aloud to practice Catholicism. Due to being placed as a minority, the French refused to assimilate and thus, problems began. During the American Revolutionary war, thousands of English speaking people came to these British colonies and this made Quebec an English speaking province. In order to seperate the English form the French, upper and lower Canada was created. English dominance was marked, and the French were mainly farners. In eighteen hundred and thirty seven, a rebellion took place to make French assimilate into English society, but the French at the same time wanted independence from Canada and did not like that idea at all. The rebellion failed. During the confederation, federal systems were introduced in eighteen hundred and sixty seven, and this isolated Quebec from the rest of canada. Quebec had bilingualism instituted, however, French speakers were forced to use the english language and the English didnt have to use the French language. French schools and other institutions becane vital for French speakers. In the nineteen hundreds, Quebec was sixty percent rural and by nineteen hundred and thirty one, it was sixty three percent urbanized. This created a bigger problem for the French because all the jobs went mainly to the English speakers. By nineteen hundred and sixty, French speakers were the most poorly paid workers and their standards of living were the lowest too. The French had to learn the english language in order to survive living in Quebec, and the english could pretty much ignore the French because they didnt need them. It was the Quiet Revolution in nineteen hundred and sixty that transformed the lives of French speakers. The changes that occured, redefined the role of the Government. The state became the instrument for change. Things like health, welfare and education became a concern for Quebec. This marked the end to the anglophone control of the important segments of the economy. In nineteen hundred and seventy, a huge transformation occured, Parti Quebecois came to rise. The French felt the only way they had to control their destiny was to create a notion that Quebec should seperate from the rest of Canada. .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 , .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .postImageUrl , .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 , .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803:hover , .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803:visited , .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803:active { border:0!important; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803:active , .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803 .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6cce20218b773590ecba5b6c1d82803:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Educational Autobiography Essay A man named Rene Levesque created the Parti Quebecois wanting liberation. He created the notion for sovereignty association sayong Quebec will still have close ties to Canada, yet be a seperate nation. Before the election of which party was to be in power, parti Quebecois decided that if they were elected, they would create a referendum in which people will have to chose to either agree to seperation or not. In nineteen seventy six, Parti Quebecois was elected as Government of Quebec and this drew attention not only around Canada, but the United States as well. There was a referendum in nineteen hundred and eighty, but the idea of seperation was rejected anf the loss was three to two. In nineteen hundred and eighty five, Parti Quebecois was defeated and replaced by Robert Bourassa. With this new Government, the french prospered more economically and in all other areas of life. Slowly, the Francophones began to take over the Anglophone dominance. In nineteen hundred and ninety five, there was yet again another referendum that took place in October. The measure was defeated yet again, however, it was a close call. English won fifty point six percent to forty nine point four percent French. Today the problem still stands, however, peope are still reviewing what really did happen in the last referendum and people are looking at the pros and cons against Quebec ever really It is unfortunate and true that the French population of Canada are at a minority and in the past have been treated poorly and unfairly. The fact of the matter is, no matter how much French canada wants to be equal and have independence, the situation is unlikely and many people, including other Francophones see that too. Not only was there much debate over whether there was fraud concerning the votes taken during the election of nineteen hundred and ninety five, but there are also many issues at stake. For instance, there are the Indians and their Canadian citzenship to think about. If Canada were to seperate, the indians would have no where to turn to for support, because the rest of Canada would no longer want to help them out since Quebec will be independent form them. There would also be military problems considering that the military is federal and part of Canada as a whole but if Quebec would seperate, there would be a very small and insufficent army. If there were to be a civil war then what military force would come to help? There would also be no more medicare system for all persons residing in Quebec and how would people who were on welfare be able to pay fpr operations or all other medical emergencies that may persist. The employment rate would drop considerably and many businesss would go bankrupt. Overall, this plan for seperation may give the French a chance to prove themsleves that they can fend for themsleves, but it seems as thought hey are not thinking of all the negative impacts that come along with this package of Bibliography: